This book provides an analysis of both the theory and practice of the AU’s attempts to protect civilian populations through its peace operations. After summarising the AU’s approach to defining civilian protection and its initial attempts to implement PoC mandates, the chapters that follow provide case studies of some of the AU’s largest missions – in Darfur, Somalia, Mali and CAR. The concluding chapter of this publication reflects on the major lessons learned from the AU’s experiences of trying to protect civilians in its peace support operations.